Monday, December 30, 2019

Texas Dyslexia Reform Implementing a Policy in Its...

The state of Texas, the first to adopt a law requiring instruction for students with dyslexia in 1985, continues to set the standard when it comes to dyslexia education reform (T. Flanders, personal communication, August 30, 2011). Until recently, little consideration was made in the use of assistive technology (AT) for students with mild disabilities, specifically in the field of dyslexia education and intervention (Edyburn, 2006, p. 18). With the passing of Senate Bill 866, concerning the implementation of classroom technology plans for students with dyslexia, the pursuit of reform has become of utmost importance (The Texas State Senate-Information News and Events of the 82nd Legislative Session, 2011). Although Texas is proactive in†¦show more content†¦Sanson (2005, p. 3) believes that when it comes to accommodating students with disabilities, scientists, practitioners, and politicians are necessary to the process as a whole and communication between these individuals is essentia. The driving forces behind SB 866 include persons from both public and private sectors. Individuals testified to the Interim Committee on Dyslexia and Related Disorders in what dyslexic students need to be successful academically. Testimony was heard from educators at the college level, parents of dyslexic students, doctors familiar with dyslexia and related disorders, medical researchers, members of professional dyslexia organizations, and state officers (Texas Legislature Online, 2011). Each spoke of their experiences with individuals with dyslexia and related learning disorders, medically, personally, and academically and each was chosen for their research and knowledge as it pertains to this very specific field (T. Flanders, personal communication, August 30, 2011). Absent from the agenda were teachers and dyslexia therapists within the public school system (Texas Legislature Online, 2011). SB 866 requires the implementation of classroom technology plans for st udents with dyslexia, effective beginning September 2011. However, there is a proliferation of articles written concerning the lack of research available to support specific technologies for dyslexia (Alper

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Reflection Of A Theoretical Orientation - 916 Words

A theoretical orientation is the model used to describe a client’s behavior, tendencies and personality. Therapists can’t approach and find explanations of behavior or personality in the same manner due to the difference in client issues, diagnoses, and symptoms. Although different in nature each theoretical orientation consists of the general themes that can be seen and utilized universally. As a counselor, it is important to develop and have sense of which theoretical orientation works best for you and the type of clientele that you will be servicing. While it may be a challenge to pick one theoretical orientation and stick to it due to the vast variety, it is important that you incorporate your background, values, religious beliefs, as well as a host of other factors into your decision to ensure that that orientation can be utilized properly. So what is theoretical orientation? First and foremost, in my opinion, your TO is one of the most important decisions you will make as a counselor. TO provides the framework and guiding principles with regard to how a therapist will organize treatment, and provide the client with the necessary information to have a positive and successful relationship and outcomes in counseling. TO assimilates different points of views into a cohesive approach. TO consist of concepts, ideas, and insight into a clients behaviors and how to effectively deal with them based on past research and outcomes. They provide understanding on how a person’sShow MoreRelatedTheoretical Orientation Reflection Paper Natasha Cartwright1686 Words   |  7 PagesTheoretical Orientation Reflection Paper Natasha Cartwright Senior Seminar February 8, 2017 Dr. Hill Theoretical Orientation Reflection Paper Introduction In the field of social work it is essential to be aware of theoretical approaches to incorporate i nto the work and realize which one fits more effectively with your different perspectives of life. With a better understanding of who you are, it becomes more easier to figure out your best way of counseling; figuring out which theories you find leastRead MoreGraduate School For Future Clinical Psychologists1249 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelop a theoretical orientation. The development of a theoretical orientation will influence how a therapist conceptualizes and treats his or her clients. Nevertheless, developing a theoretical orientation can take a significant amount of time, understanding, and self-reflection. Although I have only completed about one year of graduate school I do not have a comprehensive understanding of what my theoretical orientation is or will be. However, I am able to recognize which orientation most closelyRead MoreWhy The Practitioner Scholar Model Is Aligned With My Personal And Professional Goals1644 Words   |  7 PagesLobes and the Civilized Mind to obtain a basic understanding of the field of neuropsychology. Professionalism My current developmental level is a 3 for competencies related to Professionalism. Working at the CSC taught me the importance of self-reflection. Being surrounded by individuals who may die can be a difficult task. It became abundantly clear after my first few weeks of attending a support group for cancer patients that I must self-reflect on several aspects related to the group. For exampleRead MoreEnhancing the Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Session: A Case Analysis1549 Words   |  6 Pagesthese problems can be solved are usually known as the therapists theoretical orientation. The theoretical orientation is the fundamental guiding principle in organizing a treatment and will offer information on how the therapist will interact with the individual. Daniels situation is an example of a case that has developed from cognitive-behavioral and psychoanalytic theoretical orientations. Cognitive-behavioral theoretical orientation focuses on the impact of a persons thoughts or cognitions onRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Awareness1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe IAT self-awareness reflection paper will discuss personal reactions to the results of the exercise. It will also reflect on personal development towards being culturally competent counselor and the areas of growth. In addition, the paper will identify certain techniques to improvise counseling with LGBTQI+ clients. Reactions: My result of the IAT self-awareness test showed slight preference towards the straight people over gay people. Although the test results showed slight preference towardsRead MoreHofstede And Globe ( Global Leadership And Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness1108 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBE study sought to address. Introduction Culture is a common behavior of the human, representing a group of common ideological. Cultural differenceRead MoreA Synthesis Of Supervision Definitions Proposed By Lambie And Sias1449 Words   |  6 Pagesformative and summative progress of supervisees (Bernard Goodyear, 2014). By fulfilling these responsibilities, I ensure the provision of ethical services and ultimately safeguard the welfare of clients, the second major purpose of supervision. Theoretical Underpinnings There are three overarching categories of clinical supervision models, psychotherapy-based models, developmental models, and process models (Bernard Goodyear, 2014). My approach to supervision utilizes a combined model that integratesRead MoreRelationship Between An Experienced Registered Nurse Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesattention to and facilitating the induction of the preceptee through coaching, supervision, role modeling and reflection. This integral role influences our future professionals, by assisting and supporting them through a planned orientation in a specific clinical setting. Smedley (2008) and Ulrich (2012) suggest that the preceptor supports the improvement of practical skills, theoretical understanding, and professionalism in preceptees through direction, leadership, influence and evaluation. KhanRead MoreReligion in Rap Music1550 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing and scratching, beatboxing and instrumental trac ks. For hip hop culture in general and rap music in particular as important source for the study of religion and an important source of reflection on religion in America. Traditional notions of religious engagement lodged, for example, within the rhetoric and structures of black churches are called into question by the religious rhetoric and existential posture of artists who claim a relationshipRead MoreCultural Values And Their Effects On Their Behavior1065 Words   |  5 Pagesto own their sexuality due to perceptions in fear of condemnation and exposure to public. However, surrounding yourself with love and acceptance is important. A strong support system is can build you up your self-esteem, self-awareness and self-reflection. It can prevent the ostracism/punishment we refrain from committing crimes deemed as wrong by society. This quotes allows me to grasp that people are not a product of their environment: â€Å"Identifying the beliefs that you want to change and understanding

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Suicide Is Never Painless Free Essays

Death became an easy option. She wanted to cry, but she had no time. She wanted to change her life, but she didn’t believe in miracles. We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide Is Never Painless or any similar topic only for you Order Now For all the pain and anguish she had carried with her, it suddenly became too much to bear. Life had dealt her the last card but she had no spirit left to play with. The darkness bit into her, memories like poison flowed through her. She fought against them, but as sleep won out she was dragged back to the past. Death became no longer merely an option but a necessity to find peace. The pills lay next to her. They looked beautiful. She knew they could end it for her but she was so afraid. What would be waiting for her on the other side? Was there another side? All she knew was once she had gone that far, there would be no return. She sat there sobbing quietly, her mind tormenting her. She struggled to make sense of herself. The pain that was once emotional was now purely physical and nothing could heal it. The raw, open wounds would remain as fresh as the day they were created. Everything she had fought so hard to forget tore into her like daggers, dancing across her skin, drawing blood in a tide of crimson that stained any happiness she once had. It was tearing her apart. She cradled the pills in her hands, like precious diamonds. With a breath of courage, she threw the pills down her neck. They fell down her throat with ease, headed towards the emptiness of her own hell. She slowly sank down onto the floor, her head rolling sideways uncontrollably. Her mind started to fog over, numbing all her senses. The baby’s cries began to recede as she lay almost motionless on the cold floor. She cried out in pain, the distant sound of her own voice pierced her fragile mind. Her life force once a blaze of colours is now black reflecting her feelings of confusion. She is lost yet yearning to be found. She is drowning in the darkness, helpless as it slowly devours her, playing with her mind until there is nothing left but a shadow of someone who was once whole She wasn’t alive anymore, she simply existed. She still looked the same, but she wasn’t and never would be. A man who had taken everything from her, her innocence, her virginity and now her life, she never even saw his face. She was left to bring up a child sired by a monster. A child conceived out of hate. Was it not enough that she had to be reminded of it everyday? Every time she woke up in the morning, every time she closed her eyes†¦What was the need of his sinister actions? Was it that he didn’t understand the word â€Å"no†? Didn’t he realise the screams were out of pure terror; that kicking profusely were signals to stop; that the look on her face was of complete despair and frustration; that the touch of his hand made her blood run cold; that he was stealing her dignity, her pride, her self respect?! She made that same journey home every evening like clockwork; she’d been there a thousand times. She turned away from the buildings, away from the street light and her hollow footsteps were the only sounds that followed her†¦Her heart started to pound faster as she tried to gain vision in the pitch black that she had descended into. Her body felt like it was being mauled and still the real horrors had not begun. Dependant on her hearing as her main working sense, she could hear his approach. His curses screamed of anger at her venerable position, his threats called out like promises, nurturing the fear that grew in her stomach. Gagged and bound, her legs flew from under her as she was thrown to the ground. Mud and dirt covered her like a second skin and fell for what seemed to be an eternity, while above; she could still hear him. The sound of him as he forced torture after torture on her, the sound of him as he violated her body time and again, while she lay there helplessly, the tears biting at her eyes like acid. The thing that hurt the most was the realisation of what had just happened to her. As she scrambled blindly in the darkness, a maze of dangers that had waited to harm her. The unknown monsters that hid in the depths of the shadows warped her mind. How to cite Suicide Is Never Painless, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Logistics And Supply Management Case Study â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Logistics And Supply Management Case Study? Answer: Introducation One of the major factors of success by Zara in global fashion industry is its operation management, out of which Logistics and Supply Chain management plays the most vital role. The company was launched in 2012 by Ortega as the unique retail concept. Out of the total turnover of US $ 20.7 billion, Zara has represented through their major share contribution of 66 percent amounting to US $ 13.6 billion. The normal production trend of Zara is 450 million annually it is amazing to note the efficiency level of the company to manage such big and enormous volume produced every year through supply chain with the logistics management efficiently controlled to meet the requirements of the stores in time globally. (Anon., 2015) Coordination between operations and business strategy- Zara The coordination between operations and business strategy of Zara is found unique by prioritizing the need of the business with proper emphasis on the need of the customers. The company is accomplishing its growth objective by diversification of operation empowered with vertically integrated system. The company is engaged in specialized mode of design through couture with the operation process of manufacturing, distribution and retailing of clothes within the period of two weeks of the original design as displayed in catwalks. Thus the concept of Rapid Fire Fast Fashion Strategy is applied to Zara. Just in Time Production Main feature of fashion industry is to deliver the fashionable and trendy outfits for different class of target audience in such integrated and controlled system so that the customers can feel it Just in Time. It is the normal operation practice of Zara to keep significant inventories for its in-house production to assure that the factory reserves of Zara should be maintained in the level of 85% of total capacity to meet the timely requirement. This feature can provide the flexibility for Zara to fix its priority regarding the amount, variety of new products and frequency of products for launching. The company mainly depends upon headquarters in Spain for the production process including its sophisticated raw materials. The statistics shows that Zara runs its production process with the commitment of six months advance of 15 to 25% of benchmark line of season with the locking of 50 to 60 percent of its production process during the tart of the season. This effort results to conformat ion of 50 percent of its new products are designed and produced during the middle of the season. This practice ensures the company to sale 85% of its product with full price where as the industry trend is 60 to 70 percent. The percentage of unsold materials is only 10% of finished goods inventory which is phenomenal comparing to the industry average of 17 to 20 percent. As a result of this manufacturing strategy, Zara can sell most of its items in full price and the total overhead costs is mitigated through reduced merchandising cost as compared to that of competitors. For this factor the company can afford extra overhead costs in labor and shipping to match customers demands. Inventory management- Zara It is rarely found in the inventory system of Zara that there is stacking of inventory of obsolete products in the warehouse as the company is more concentrating on the concept of lean for the rolling process of raw materials to finished goods in the stores. The model of optimizing inventory is practiced by Zara so that the company can determine to be delivered to the respective stores through arranged shipment of twice of each week. The quantity of delivered stock is limited to ensure that each store should have the product as per their requirement. This practice enhances brand image to exclusiveness by avoiding pile up of unwanted inventories. The company has the capacity for quick turnaround within the season in their manufacturing facilities in Spain which allows the company to make frequent shipment of smaller size of batches. These small batches mitigate the harm of getting unpopular products stacked in the stores with the lesser loss for the company related to unsold inventory. Centralized Logistics Zara has the integrated practice of placing two orders from stores weekly with specified days and time which are being catered in time with specific items properly labeled and priced as per the practice of Zara. This process can ensure involvement of human resource in all levels of operation management right from procurement to retail with the defined timeline with coordination between departments. Distribution network The strong practice of distribution network of Zara ensures deliverance of finished goods to the European outlet by 24 hours while for overseas stores of US or Asia the cut-out time form delivery is specified as maximum 40 hours. As per by the case study wrote Nelson Fraiman in 2010 , a professor of Columbia Business School, the lean time for getting shape of the product from design to stores is 15 days for Zara while the other takes 6 months as industry standard. Fast Fashion- success story of Zara This success story is not any magic, but is the result of well organized and strategic application of the operation management of Zara. The entire process consisting of design, procurement, manufacturing, distribution and placing in the shelves are working in such way that the success of the system is only announcing its successful implementation.(Lu, 2014) Conclusion Zara is a big name in global fashion industry and with its unique operation management; it proves its worth to be on top of the industry globally. Different steps of operation management are working in well coordinated manner and this proves the worth of the brand. Think of low cost trendy garments to match pocket of low ability customers Make exclusive brands restricted to the premium stores Open regular stores for pocket friendly budget products Expansion process to be continued in countries of lower GDP References: Adam, P., 2013. The Strategic Management Analysis of ZARA (Relative to the Case in Developing Countries). [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/5492552/The_Strategic_Management_Analysis_of_ZARA_Relative_to_the_Case_in_Developing_Countries_ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Anon., 2015. LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF ZARA A CASE STUDY. [Online] Available at: https://progressivewritingskills.wordpress.com/2015/04/28/logistics-management-of-zara-a-case-study/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Anon., 2016. Strategy-The Secret of Zaras Success: A Culture of Customer Co-creation. [Online] Available at: https://martinroll.com/resources/articles/strategy/the-secret-of-zaras-success-a-culture-of-customer-co-creation/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Chettupalli, S., 2016. Supply Chain Managment of Zara. [Online] Available at: https://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=1513 [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Lu, C., 2014. Zara supply chain analysis - the secret behind Zara's retail success. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/zara-supply-chain-its-secret-to-retail-success [Accessed 13 september 2017]. Sowray, b., 2015. The 5 ingredients of Zara's success. [Online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/brands/the-5-ingredients-of-zaras-success/ [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Textiles, Z., 2011. Zara Textilesd Pvt. Ltd. [Online] Available at: https://www.zaratextiles.com/vision.php [Accessed 13 September 2017]. Zhelyazkov, G., n.d. Agile Supply Chain: Zara's case study. [Online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiIo7PQ6qHWAhUBu48KHZ6UBKsQFghLMAUurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffile.PostFileLoader.html%3FassetKey%3DAS%253A273761356451852%25401442281201894%26id%3D55 [Accessed 13 September 2017

Friday, November 29, 2019

The Big Bang Model Essays - Physical Cosmology, Astronomy, Physics

The Big Bang Model It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball--an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. The

Monday, November 25, 2019

the endangered environment essays

the endangered environment essays The old cliche out of sight, out of mind is the best way to summarize most of the worlds perspective on the environment. It is most unfortunate that almost all of the people on earth cannot see first hand the rapid destruction of the homes of countless species. People do not and cannot see the holes in the ozone layer or the pollution in the water. Most people have never seen in person the trees of an entire valley cut down or the coastline blackened by spilled oil. Since the Industrial Revolution the earths ecosystem has experienced a rapid decline. People are using vast amounts of resources at rates that will be nearly impossible to neither maintain nor replenish. There is also the cost of using and refining these resources, which is the lower quality of air, water, and earth, the extinction of various species, and the continued drastic decrease of finite resources of that we have come to depend our whole economy on. Every year more forests are cut down, more chemicals poll ute the air, and more toxins fill the waters. This trend has continued for more than a century and a half and continues even today. The degradation of the environment continues and we have endangered it. One of the most prized and coveted resources on earth is oil. It is often referred to as black gold since oil is shipped to and consumed all over the world. It is the greatest source of energy that people have. It is used as fuel for cars, trucks, airplanes, and many other vehicles as well as a major generator of electricity in many areas. Nevertheless, it is used in vast quantities and must also be shipped in vast quantities. The most economically efficient way to do this is by using what are known as supertankers. Supertankers are huge, ocean faring vessels that transport in the tens of millions of gallons of oil, and when these supertankers have accidents, they can be environmentally catastrophic...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Technology and change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technology and change - Essay Example Cell phones, especially GPS phones raise lots of concerns over the privacy issues. Consumers are often not aware that their movements are monitored. Their secrecy and private life will be in jeopardy while they are using such GPS mobile phones. Women and girls can be traced and their private life can be exploited by intruders. Blackmailing and robbery can be accomplished using the GPS. Security is another concern. â€Å"Government officials and communications experts are assessing the public safety and security implications of a newly posted online article that provides directions for making cheap devices that can jam Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. The Phrack article provides a detailed guide to building a low-cost, portable GPS jammer out of components that can be easily obtained from electronics supply houses. (Bob Brewin) As per this article, an average person with slight knowledge in electronics can make GPS jammers without much effort. In the modern world of highest terrorist activities, GPS can act as a blessing and a curse at the same time. â€Å"Global Positioning Systems (GPS) reveal a persons location. This type of location data helps police with their investigations, such as tracking down a criminal or even someone who is lost or missing. They can act as a safety device to protecting your family and loved ones. Location technology also helps locate stolen cars.†(Brad Seabourne  ). For example, suppose a person with a GPS phone is being kidnapped. The police can identify the location of the person who is being kidnapped with the help of the GPS system easily. GPS can provide valuable information to the drivers such as total miles driven, speeds that it was driven, travelled routes and current location. The driver can now find their exact location and get directions, and more over they can have it delivered by voice with the help of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Employment relationship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employment relationship - Assignment Example Based on this research industrial relations are considered to be a multi-disciplinary field that studies the various facets of employment relationships. The predominance of non industrial employment relations has made the term employment relations more meaning and importance. The examination of various employment situations and conditions and also the ones which does not come with a unionized workforce is studied under the field of employment relations. The three main faces comprising employment relations are science building, ethics and problem solving. In the face science building, employment relations are considered to be social science which understands the various employment relationships and institutions through rigorous and high quality research. In the face of ethics, industrial relations are a reflection of very strong normative principles on employment relationships and workers. This is especially with regards to the treatment of workers as a mere commodity in favor of cons idering them as human beings having human rights in democratic communities. ‘Human relations’ is a term which refers to the entire field of relationships prevailing out of the collaboration between men and women in their recruitment process in the modern industry. It is considered to be that particular part of management which is directly related to the management of organizations and enterprises including skilled workmen, machine operators and managers. It not only deals with the relationship existing between employers and the state but also workers organizations and the relationships existing between occupational organizations. Most importantly, the problem solving aspect of industrial or employment relations seek to create and design such institutions and policies which help in better working of the employment relations. Scholars have brought forth various frameworks and theoretical perspectives as per their understanding and analysis of the workplace situations and relations. In this context mention must be made of the two main theoretical perspectives, namely, unitary and pluralist perspectives respectively. The above two approaches have their own perspectives and interpretation of workplace conflicts, job regulations, role of unions etc. The main purpose of the project is to explore the different perspectives and evaluate their presence in modern organizational settings. It tries to understand the ideologies that underpin the managerial perspectives and the way they reflect in organizational life. The extent to which each of the perspectives predominates over the other is explored in the project (Wilton, 2010, p.36). Unitary perspective One of the most competing approaches towards the study of employment relations is based on the conservative ideological position called ‘unitary’. The most distinguishing characteristic which differentiate the unitary ideological perspective is the assumption that every work organization is consi dered to be an integrated entity which has a shared goal and a common purpose. Employment relationship according to the unitary perspective is based on the mutual harmony and cooperation of interest between the organization and its employees (Bray, 2011, p.21). It does not consider the possibility of conflicts between capital owners and workers. They are all considered to be belonging to the same team and having the very same objective which rules out the possibility of conflicts. Wherever there is prevalence of an industrial conflict, it is either treated as a temporary phenomenon or the result of abnormal behavior (Green, 2011, p.245). This behavior is commonly considered to be raised by trouble makers, bad communication and poor management. Moreover, in such cases unions are considered to be always being in competition with the management in order to gain commitment and loyalty of the employees (Bray,

Monday, November 18, 2019

Elisa aims and method need to be paraphrase Essay

Elisa aims and method need to be paraphrase - Essay Example This difference is made clear through the drawing of a standard curve, by making use of concentrations that are known; belonging to antibodies of Rabbit IgG. e. Incubation was done on different amounts of rabbit IgG. Micotiter plates were then cleaned by use of washing buffer, three times; and washed again after blocking them with blocking buffer. They then were refrigerated, ready for use in the practical. 1- For the monoclonal antibodies, the left half of the plate got used.As in the illustration below in a picture with blue colour; in the first column, 200ul of monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG was added. 100ul of diluents buffer PBS was then filled to columns 2 and 6, for the monoclonal antibodies as in the below illustration. 2- Then, 100ul of mouse anti-rabbit got transferred from A1 to A6 inorder to have the sample diluted and from well A6 100ul of mouse anti rabbit IgG antibody thrown away. A repeat of the process was done on the rest of the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership

Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership This essay is required to conduct a better understanding of leadership styles transactional and transformational leadership styles from researching on Richard Branson and Steve Jobs success, and discuss about different types of changes (incremental and radical changes) may occur in an organisation in order to learn change management methods can be applied to a real case (Virgin Group). Although both of the excellent leaders exhibit characteristics of both transactional and transformational leadership styles, this essay will identify Steve Jobs as a transactional leader and Richard Branson as a transformational leader with three reasons for each statement. This essay will identify and describe six examples of changes (incremental and radical) for each leader (three examples each type). At last, this essay will discuss about the concepts of change management and explain Kotters 8-Step Change Model by applying to a real case (Virgin Group). Transactional Leadership VS Transformational Leadership Good leadership is the key to the success of an organization. Transactional leadership is performance-oriented and transformational leadership is people-oriented. To be more specific, transactional leadership involves reinforcement to monitor and justify followers performances by using reward and punishment, while transformational leadership tends to inspire and motivate the followers loyalty and concentration by leaders charisma. Steve Jobs as Transactional Leader Transactional leaders characteristic behaviours are: (Barbuto, 2005) Contingent Reward Contingent reward is actually a usual way that most of the managers use to motivate teams, create positive competition and improve effectiveness. Steve Jobs had the impressive ability to notice talent and active employees and allocate them to the right place in the company. Each year, Jobs took his top 100 people on a retreat. It is not only a reward as a vacation, but also an acknowledgement from STEVE JOBS! In my opinion, acknowledgements from successful genius would be the best reward for my hard working. Management by exception Transactional leaders take actions based on the exceptions (performance) of the employees. Steve Jobs categorised his followers as either geniuses or bozos, and quickly firing those who fall in the latter camp (Greene-Blose, 2012). Another characteristic of transactional leadership would be the desire for control which is typical Steve Jobs style. His favourite presentation tools were a whiteboard and a Magic Marker, which gives him fully control in the conference. After his reinventing Apple, Jobs had several weeks of product review sessions. Finally he run out of patience and shouted the team to stop, grabbed a Magic Marker to the white board and wrote down four words: Consumer, Pro., Desktop and Portable. Then he said:Here is what we need! (Isaacson, 2012) This is Steve Jobs, full of power and passion, who gave clear incentives and strategies to his followers with his wisdom and visions. Richard Branson as Transformational Leader Transformational leaders characteristic behaviours are: (Barbuto, 2005) Idealized influence Richard Branson has become a role model for his followers inside or outside of his Virgin Empire by his own passionate and fearless life style. With his own words, You want to create something you are proud ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ That has always been my philosophy of business (Branson), Richard Branson broke many world records such as the fastest recorded Atlantic crossing by boat, the first Atlantic crossing by hot-air balloon, etc. He proved that anything is possible to his followers and the rest of the world with real examples. (Ocker, 2008) Inspiration motivation Richard Branson is a visionary leader with dreams and relentless work attitude which make those dreams come true. At the early stage of Virgin Group business, he once said:I want Virgin to be as well-known around the world as Coca-Cola. (Branson) After decades of time, the brand of Virgin have become world well-known, and covers many different areas of business which Coca-Cola wound not dare to try. Those kinds of ambitions and courage ties his group together and close, and leads him to keep on improving Virgin Group services and productions. Individualized consideration Richard Branson business maxim is staff first, customers second and shareholders third (Locke, 2009). One of his most famous and interesting story would be the lawsuit against British Airways for its protracted libel actions and ended with a settlement of about  £600,000 total. After Richard Branson got the money, he divided it to all his employees for their hard working. It was not only a reward, but more like sharing a triumph. On the other hand, the major reason of Richard Bransons business success is that he takes care of customers needs with innovations and consideration, such as placing a rubber ducky in each bathroom of Virgin-owned hotels in order to make guests feel ate home, putting Listening Posts in their record stores and allowing customers to listen to entire CDs before purchasing. (Richard Branson Virgin) In general, transformational leadership style is considered more as a friendly and flexible way to organize a company, while transactional leadership is considered more tough and efficient. It is hard to say which one is better. All the good leaders all over the world (include the two above) have the characteristics of the both leadership styles., such as Steve Jobs charismatic characteristics and spiritual motivating speech skills (Transformational), and Richard Branson strict management ways on the lower level positions in the organisation (Transactional). Transformational leadership does not replace transactional leadership but improves the effectiveness of transactional leadership from a different angle. (Bernard, Bass, Riggio, 2005) Incremental Changes VS Radical Changes Changes are inevitable in human lives as well as in business operations. Incremental change takes place over a long time period for development purposes, while radical change is more often triggered by a crisis or a business opportunity. There are several differences listed in the following table. Incremental Changes Radical Changes Reasons Business development Expansion Dealing with crisis Seizing a significant business opportunity Period Long period of time Short period of time Examples Improvement Such as TQM, new system implementation Revolutionary changes Such as restructuring, merger, take-over Approaches types May be small, slow, on-going May be onetime events, quick Respond and effect Hardly noticed by the management level Immediately adapt May cause resistance to changes Steve Jobs Incremental Changes Example1: Pixar In 1986, Steve Jobs bought The Graphics Group from Lucasfilm for $10 millions, changed the name to Pixar and started his career in animation manufacturing. With his visionary plans and technology support from his computer company NeXT, Pixar developed a software package called RenderMan (which has been widely accepted and used in filmmaking industry). RenderMan was implemented into the existing Pixar production line slowly in order to improve quality of the products. After ten years time, Pixar finally achieved an amazing success in the animation filming industry. It kept producing a series of animation films, beginning with Toy Story (1995), which led Pixars worth to over $1.5 billion. It took 10 years to implementing and perfecting the new software into production and transferring Steve Jobs leadership style into Pixars existing operation, and achieves a remarkable improvement at the end. This is an incremental change made by Steve Jobs. Example2: Digital hub strategy After Steve Jobs returning to Apple in 1997 as an interim CEO, he successfully brought Apple back to profitability with a amazing consumer desktop computer iMac. By facing negative predictions about proclaiming PCS would disappear within a couple of years, Steve Jobs continuously led Apple to keep on perfecting i products with the meaning of internet, individual, instruct, inform and inspire as the same way Apple always do. (Steve Jobs introductory 1998 iMac slide show) In 2001, Steve Jobs unveiled the Digital Hub Strategy to the public and in the next 10 years time he kept on launching a series of new products which extremely changed and led the trade of the whole world. (Kurian, 2012) There was an interesting event that Steve Jobs called himself as the iCEO of Apple instead of interim CEO humorously which entertained the public very much (Macworld San Francisco 2000). It was also a smart way to promoting i products while teasing with the board of Apple for rehiring him as a temporary executive officer. This huge successful change took 10 years to be accomplished followed by Steve Jobs leadership piece by piece. It maintained the old producing direction and improved production qualities. It was a long period on-going process of implementing Jobs wisdom into Apple Company. Example3: Retirement from Apple Steve Jobs was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2003, but he kept on denying any serious problem. That is why everyone was surprised when Apple announced that Steve Jobs would not go on stage for the Macworld keynote in 2009, and he took six months off at the same year. Jobs finally resigned as CEO of Apple in 2011 but remained as the Chairman of the companys board, and he passed away after 6 weeks. (Kurian, 2012) There may be some radical changes involved for damage control purpose, but in general, Steve Jobs took care of his retirement carefully and smoothly to avoid negative impact within 3 years time. For instance, he distributed his responsibilities to other executives step by step, and before his final resign, he strongly recommended Tim Cook in written, that letter was released to the public later in order to retain faith. The whole process was carefully planned and implemented in a long time step by step. In my opinion, it can be an incremental change. Steve Jobs Radical Changes Example1: Macintosh VS Lisa In the early 80s, Apple was creating a business-oriented computer named Lisa under Steve Jobs supervising, but later after that, Steve Jobs thrown out of the Lisa project because of his bad temper. He was so angry and decided to take revenge by developing a small project called Macintosh in order to destroy the sales of Lisa. (Kurian, 2012) It was a radical strategy. Macintosh had user-friendly interface (point-and -click) which inspired other computer manufactories and changed the direction of computer industry since then, but it was not as welcome to the market as Jobs expected though. At that time, IBMs PC was more compatible with its cheaper price. Because this action was taken rapidly without well planning and careful market researching, Macintosh project failed. Example2: Staging a Coup There was another revenge taken by Steve Jobs after his removal from Lisa project, he tried to stage a coup. As we all know, he failed again. (Kurian, 2012) It was a restructuring plan, and he took actions rapidly. But without endorsement from Apple board of directors and support from other colleagues, he got fired from his own company. Example3: Reinventing Apple By 1996, Apple rehired Steve Jobs as an informal adviser to the CEO. At that time, Apple was keeping on losing money and Steve Jobs staged another coup. He successes this time and became an interim CEO in 1997.The first thing he had done after his promotion is cutting off the production lines and focused on four products. This effective decision brought the lost confidence back to the Apple community (Kurian, 2012). In the meantime, Jobs took other actions such as announcing a new slogan Think Different and launched an amazing project which brought Apples resurgence lately, the iMac. (Edwards, 2008) Those actions and decisions above are radical changes (restructuring and redesigning the production processes). They were new strategies to the company for solving a financial crisis in a short time period. Richard Branson Incremental Changes Example1: Virgin Atlantic There are some unique features Virgin Atlantic has while other airways may not have can be considered as incremental changes. Such as, serving a cup of ice cream while passengers watching movies during travelling in order to provide a better service. Virgin Atlantic does not provide meals for short distance flight in order to reduce ticket price. This kind of services is provided for improving quality of service. Example2: Virgin Group Because Richard Branson received a lot of support from his family and friends during hi early period of business stage (borrowed money from his auntie and supported by John Lennon), the whole Virgin Group services can be considered as a long term process for implementing Richard Bransons plan of giving back to the society and helping those people who has ambitious but doesnt have opportunities. Such as, Virgin Money provides a set of formalised documentations help people who need loans. Although Virgin Money U.S. did not work well in USA, Richard Branson helped millions of people with his good heart in UK. Those actions can be considered as Incremental Changes. Example3: Eco-friendly efforts In 2007, Richard Branson launched Virgin Earth Challenge dedicating in to environmental issues. He made several decisions that supervised the whole world, such as a $25 millions prize for inventors who comes up with a viable solution for scrubbing carbon gases from atmosphere. He also pledged to reinvest all profits from Virgin transportation business over the decade into developing ecologically benign fuels. This kind of actions may not affect other Virgin companies, but they will improve Virgin Groups reputation, it is also a long time period project. Richard Branson Radical Changes Example1: Virgin Records Shop At the beginning, Richard Branson started his records business as mail ordering company in London, and it went well. After a postal strike, the mail order business was crippled. Richard Branson was forced to seek new outlets and he opened his first retail store in Oxford Street in 1971. This was a strategy for dealing with a crisis situation, and operated immediately. It changed Virgin Records business process and structure. Example2: Selling Virgin Music Group Selling Virgin Music probably would be the hardest decision Richard Branson has ever made in his whole lifetime. This decision was made in order to get money to take Virgin Atlantic back into private ownership (Vinnedge, 2009). This change was forced by a financial crisis and included restructuring process. Example3: Closing Virgin Money U.S. Richard Branson launched a loan servicing company called Virgin Money U.S. in America in 2007, and began its withdrawal after 2 years (Lepro, 2010). Its social loans were transferred to Graystone Solutions. This time, Richard Branson misjudged the market and had to make the decision in order to limit the damage. Other reasons of this collapse might be the bad economy and different culture in America. This change included restructuring and take-over in a short time. To sum up the above examples and explanations, incremental changes are normally well planned and taken over by pieces, there is less possibilities of failure. Radical changes are immediate responses for a crisis or significant opportunity, there are chances of failure. Change Management in Virgin Group Story of Virgin Mobile In 2007, Virgin Group announced the completion of its biggest challenge which brought over 10 million customers and 13,000 employees merger of NTL, Telewest and Virgin Mobile under the Virgin Media brand. It is known as the largest Virgin Company in the world. This operation took more than two years to complete the whole the merger, and Virgin Group handled it carefully, especially on employees resistance. Reasons of employees resistance to this change and strategies It is necessary for leaders to understand that resistances to changes are normal. In order to deal with those obstacles, leaders have to identify reasons of employees resistances firstly and develop different strategies for different situations. Some common reasons are following: Fear Mostly, employees fear comes from uncertainty about their career. In this situation, employees were worried about if there would be a layoff or if they were qualified for the new company. Strategies: Virgin Group kept employees involved during managing changes. The high level of the management went done to the front line staff and listened to the staffs ideas and problems, and shared their own experiences. Richard Branson took care of individual needs carefully. Meanwhile, he also announced that if the employees no longer have the enthusiasm, they would be better to find a new job. As long as the employees performed with full responsibilities, they would always be considered as a part of the company. This kind of instructions increased the sense of the urgency, and motivated employees to move on positively. No faith in new process Former NTL and Telewest employees might have uncertainties about the new process of Virgin Group. Because NTL and Telewest Company had several years of struggling with the bad economy environment, they could not be sure whether the new company would lead them to improve the organisational performance. Strategies: Richard Branson gave responsibilities to his employees, and went to the front line personally to inform clear instructions. Establishing clear instructions and explanations, and demonstrating a picture of a better future would increase employees faith and certainty of the new process. Comfort personal preference Former NTL and Telewest employees had their own ways of daily operations, and the new company brought its new ways of doing business, so they might have the difficulties to adopt the new culture. Such as, those staff had their old way of dealing with customers calls by following the instructions and scripts strictly, while Richard Branson believes that each customer would have his/her unique problem, staff should help different customers differently. Strategies: Richard Branson threw away all the scripts and told call-center employees to help customers within one call if possible. In order to support their work, he allocated necessary resources to the font line. Lack of knowledge Although some former NTL and Telewest employees were expert in their old company, they might need to start from the beginning since the new company had its unique ways of doing business. Strategies: For this kind of anxiety, Richard Branson responded with three words only: Live and Learn! He provided resources and training programs for employees in order to create a positive learning environment, and he also encouraged communication among different levels of the management to understand individual difficulties. Lack of trust Virgin Group has different diversity of businesses and it used to prefer small piece of business, whether Richard Branson has the ability to lead the large company to make profit and keep growing would be unpredictable. This is the reason that some employees might have difficulties to adapt the changes. Strategies: Richard Branson kept developing new products and services, and led the company to profitability, such as more packages of Virgin Broadband, more channels and TV programs for Virgin Media Television, and etc. Those successes brought back the trust in several years, not immediately. Application of Kotters Change Model Create Urgency At this stage, it is necessary to deliver a message that the whole company really needs this change. The company has to provide solid reasons and convincing dialogues support this decision. To Kotters belief, this stage is the most important stage; lack of preparation would easily lead to a project failure. In Virgin Medias case, leader should show people NTL and Telewests poor performance reports and most importantly, the potentials, because no one will have faith in a failed business. With a brief introduction of development scenarios, leader should emphasise the opportunities and benefit from this merger. Form a Powerful Coalition In order to influence people to accept the change, leader needs a group of key people from different department to support the change management process. They dont necessary have to be who has legitimate power, but also can be expert, and other influential people. In Virgin Medias case, leader should select powerful and influential people from ex-NTL and ex-Telewest Company, and select good communicators from Virgin Mobile, in order to organise a supportive team. Once organised, the team needs to work together and continuing to create urgency in their own working areas. Create a Vision for Change The next step would be generating an overall vision about the change, including values and reasons of the change, short summaries, and strategies to execute that vision. In Virgin Medias case, leader should have a clear idea about what to do with ex-NTL and ex-Telewest, and why Virgin Mobile needs to conduct a merger with them. As the matter of the fact, Richard Branson was trying to build the first quadruple play  [1]   media company in UK, and after couple of years hard working, he did it. Communicate the Vision After creating the vision, leader should deliver the message to the team members, and with their help, the message can be distributed to all aspects of the company. The message should not be sent through meetings only, most importantly through daily communications among the whole company. In Virgin Medias Case, Richard Branson tried to communicate with employees as much as possible and motivate them to maintain in a positive working attitude. Those ideas and visions were implanted into employees mind during those communications. Remove Obstacles In order to ease employees resistance to changes, leader should avoid having resistance to employees resistance. Leader should be willing to listen and understand employees difficulties and find a way to help them walk through it. In Virgin Media case, Richard Branson provided clear instructions to all employees, and went to the front-line in person to listen to employees. He allocated necessary resources to them and tried to create a learning environment, in order to improve performance. Create Short-term Wins Celebrations for short-term wins would be the easiest and most efficient way to prove that we are doing the right things and we are doing things right. It is not only for motivating employees passion of working, but also for gaining trust. In Virgin Medias case, leader should recognize and reward people for their excellent performance and making changes happen, and encourage them to keep on working positively. Build on the Change Kotter believes that it is very important for leaders to avoid celebrating too early and being complacent about current short-term success. There would be always rooms for improvement. In Virgin Medias Case, Richard Branson kept on producing and developing new products and services, and tracking on employees performances all the time. He went through daily operations in details in person to seek for ways of improvements. Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Formalising the changes and including them as part of organisations culture would be the last step of change management process. This step can be considered as a closure and promotion. In Virgin Medias case, Richard Branson announced Virgin Groups success to the public all the time through different kind of channels, such as TV, radio, Virgin websites, blogs, magazines and etc. Conclusion After researching on Steve Jobs and Richard Branson life stories as a leader, this essay is conducted in order to gain a better understanding about the concepts of being an excellent leader. Leadership Style Steve Jobs was considered as a tough and strict (even dictatorial) leader, but he was also a respectful leader who could inspire and motivate followers by using his wisdom and charismas. Richard Branson is considered as gentle and flexible leaders, but he is very strict on day-to-day operations. As a leader, being transactional can improve employees performance while being transformational can improve effectiveness. Therefore, there is no one simple leadership style for one organisation. Both of the leadership styles are crucial to a business success. Types of changes Incremental change may takes place over a long time period for development and improvement purpose, while radical change may be triggered by a crisis or a business opportunity and generated in a short time period. Because incremental changes are normally well planned and taken over by pieces, there is less possibilities of failure. Radical changes are initiated immediately after realising a crisis or significant opportunity, so without a careful plan and on-going monitoring there are chances of failure. Change Management It is important to understand that employees resistance to changes are natural, but how to manage those negative feelings are critical. In general, leader should keep employees involved in the decision making, address their problems and seek for solutions, create a positive learning environment and make the change happen by working with employees as an example. Change management processes should be carefully planned and operated, especially the preparing stage (Create Urgency). A powerful coalitions positive support would make the operations accomplished smoothly, that is why selecting the right team member is very important. Leader and coalition should lead by examples, communicate with employees and deliver visions as much as possible. Do remember celebrating on short-term wins and establish big victory formally as companys culture.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

Reginald Freeman Dr. Elaine Labach QM-3345-XTIA 12/13/2013 Big Easy Bold Taste Test The purpose of this study is to prove that this author’s spouse who claims she is an expert in tasting certain expensive coffee beverages cannot tell the difference when a less expensive substitute is prepared in the same manner and served to this self-proclaimed expert. Many people claim they can tell the difference between certain coffees, such as Folgers vs. Maxwell House, Starbucks vs. Seattle’s Best vs. Starbucks, and so on. For this project, the author intends to prove that his spouse cannot actually tell the difference between her favorite expensive Keurig brewed Emeril’s Big Easy Bold and any other brand coffee when both are prepared in the exact same manner and served side by side. To make this test more interesting and inviting the author and his spouse or test subject made a little wager that if she could achieve a 75% accuracy rate throughout the course of the experiment then she would receive the tablet of her choice in addition to her Christmas g ifts versus as a part of her Christmas gifts. On the flipside of this wager, if she could not achieve the 75% accuracy mark, then the author would receive permission to upgrade his ticket choice for a 2014 Dallas Cowboys game. Results of this wager are revealed at the end of the project. In order to properly conduct this experiment a proclamation or hypothesis must be made. Null hypothesis: The author’s spouse cannot tell the difference between Keurig brewed Emeril’s Big Easy Bold coffee and any other brand coffee brewed in the same manner. Alternative hypothesis: The author’s spouse can tell the difference between Keurig brewed Emeril’s Big Easy Bold coffee and any other brand coffee br... ... Once steps 2a and 2b are complete taste exhibit A. Swish in mouth and either swallow or spit in sink. 4. Repeat steps 2a and 2b. 5. Taste exhibit B. Swish in mouth and either swallow or spit in sink. 6. Report to test administrator which coffee is Emeril’s Big Easy Bold for results to be recorded. Appendix 2 Coffee Tasting Results Table Date Morning Emeril Other Evening Emeril Other November 25, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ November 26, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ November 27, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ November 28, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ November 29, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ November 30, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 1, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 2, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 3, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 4, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 5, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 6, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 7, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ December 8, 2013 ïÆ' ¼ ïÆ' ¼ Totals 7 7 6 8